사용자:Viral/연습장

최근 편집: 2017년 3월 10일 (금) 22:22
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Viral (토론 | 기여)님의 2017년 3월 10일 (금) 22:22 판 (→‎시스젠더: 초안)

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SWERF

SWERF는 Sex worker exclusionary radical feminism(혹은 feminist)의 약어. 성노동자를 배제. 창녀 혐오와 3세대 페미니즘의.... R/“Sex worker exclusionary radical feminism”. 《SJWiki》. 


TERF

TERF는 Trans(주|주로 MTF 트랜스젠더에 대한 담론이 많다.) exclusionary radical feminism(혹은 feminist)의 약어. 트랜스젠더를 배제.


바이포비아

바이포비아(영어: Biphobia또는 양성애 혐오는 양성애 또는 양성애자에게 갖는 비이성적인 혐오, 공포 등 부정적인 감정 또는 편견, 차별 행위를 말한다. R/https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/양성애_혐오

시스젠더

어원

시스젠더라는 용어 Cisgender에서 "cis-"는 "같은 편, 같은 쪽에 있는"이라는 뜻의 접두사이다. 트랜스젠더에 대응해 만들어졌다. ‘비(非)트랜스젠더’를 의미하는 용어가 필요해지면서 만들어진 단어[1]다.

독일의 성과학자(Sexologist) Volkmar Sigusch이 동료 평가된 출판물에서 "cissexual (독일어: zissexuell)"라는 신조어를 사용했다. 1998년, 그의 에세이 "The Neosexual Revolution"에서 본인의 아티클 "Die Transsexuellen und unser nosomorpher Blick" ("Transsexuals and our nosomorphic view", 1991년)을 용어의 원전으로 출처표기했다.[2] 또한 1995년의 아티클 "Transsexueller Wunsch und zissexuelle Abwehr" (or: "Transsexual desire and cissexual defense")의 제목으로도 사용했다.[3]

German sexologist Volkmar Sigusch used the neologism cissexual (zissexuell in German) in a peer-reviewed publication. In his 1998 essay "The Neosexual Revolution", he cites his two-part 1991 article "Die Transsexuellen und unser nosomorpher Blick" ("Transsexuals and our nosomorphic view") as the origin of the term.[4] He also used the term in the title of a 1995 article, "Transsexueller Wunsch und zissexuelle Abwehr" (or: "Transsexual desire and cissexual defense").[5]

"시스젠더(영어: cisgender)"는 "~을 가로지르는", "다른(other) 쪽에 있는"이라는 뜻의 "trans-"의 반대되는 의미인 "이(this) 쪽에 있는"이라는 뜻을 가진 라틴 유래의 접두사 "cis-"에서 유래되었다. 이 사용법은 화학의 cis–trans distinction, 유전학의 cis-trans 혹은 complementation, (러시아인의 입장에서의) 시스카프카시아(Ciscaucasia), 고대 로마 용어 "Cisalpine Gaul" 등에서도 찾아볼 수 있다. 젠더의 경우, cis-는 성(sex)에 따른 젠더 정체성의 ㅇㅇ를 묘사한다.[6]

Cisgender has its origin in the Latin-derived prefix cis-, meaning "on this side of", which means the opposite of trans-, meaning "across from" or "on the other side of". This usage can be seen in the cis–trans distinction in chemistry, the cis–trans or complementation test in genetics, in Ciscaucasia (from the Russian perspective), and in the ancient Roman term Cisalpine Gaul (i.e., "Gaul on this side of the Alps"). In the case of gender, cis- describes the alignment of gender identity with assigned sex.[6]

Sociologists Kristen Schilt and Laurel Westbrook define cisgender as a label for "individuals who have a match between the gender they were assigned at birth, their bodies, and their personal identity".[1] A number of derivatives of the terms cisgender and cissexual include cis male for "male assigned male at birth", cis female for "female assigned female at birth", analogously cis man and cis woman, and cissexism and cissexual assumption. In addition, one study published in the Journal of the International AIDS Society used the term cisnormativity, akin to sexual diversity studies' heteronormativity.[7][8] A related adjective is gender-normative because, as Eli R. Green writes, "'cisgendered' is used [instead of the more popular 'gender normative'] to refer to people who do not identify with a gender diverse experience, without enforcing existence of a normative gender expression".[9] In this way, cisgender is preferable because, unlike the term gender-normative, it does not imply that transgender identities are abnormal.

Julia Serano has defined cissexual as "people who are not transsexual and who have only ever experienced their mental and physical sexes as being aligned", while cisgender is a slightly narrower term for those who do not identify as transgender (a larger cultural category than the more clinical transsexual).[10] For Jessica Cadwallader, cissexual is "a way of drawing attention to the unmarked norm, against which trans is identified, in which a person feels that their gender identity matches their body/sex".[11]

The terms cisgender and cissexual were used in a 2006 article in the Journal of Lesbian Studies[12] and Serano's 2007 book Whipping Girl,[10] after which the term gained some popularity among English-speaking activists and scholars.[13][14][15] Jillana Enteen wrote in 2009 that cissexual is "meant to show that there are embedded assumptions encoded in expecting this seamless conformity".[16]

Serano also uses the related term cissexism, "which is the belief that transsexuals' identified genders are inferior to, or less authentic than, those of cissexuals".[17] In 2010, the term cisgender privilege appeared in academic literature, defined as the "set of unearned advantages that individuals who identify as the gender they were assigned at birth accrue solely due to having a cisgender identity".[18]

While some believe that the term cisgender is merely politically correct,[19][20][21][22][23] medical academics use the term and have recognized its importance in transgender studies since the 1990s.[24][25][26]

In February 2014, Facebook began offering "custom" gender options, allowing users to identify with one or more gender-related terms from a selected list, including cis, cisgender, and others.[27][28] Cisgender was also added to the Oxford English Dictionary in 2013, defined as "designating a person whose sense of personal identity corresponds to the sex and gender assigned to him or her at birth (in contrast with transgender)."[29]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Schilt, Kristen; Westbrook, Laurel (August 2009). “Doing Gender, Doing Heteronormativity: 'Gender Normals,' Transgender People, and the Social Maintenance of Heterosexuality”. 《Gender & Society》 23 (4): 440–464 [461]. doi:10.1177/0891243209340034. 
  2. ↑ Sigusch, Volkmar (February 1998). “The Neosexual Revolution”. 《Archives of Sexual Behavior》 27 (4): 331–359. doi:10.1023/A:1018715525493. PMID 9681118. 
  3. ↑ Sigusch, Volkmar (1995). “Transsexueller Wunsch und zissexuelle Abwehr”. 《Psyche》 49 (9–10): 811–837. PMID 7480808. 
  4. ↑ Sigusch, Volkmar (February 1998). “The Neosexual Revolution”. 《Archives of Sexual Behavior》 27 (4): 331–359. doi:10.1023/A:1018715525493. PMID 9681118. 
  5. ↑ Sigusch, Volkmar (1995). “Transsexueller Wunsch und zissexuelle Abwehr”. 《Psyche》 49 (9–10): 811–837. PMID 7480808. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 “Definition of cisgender”. Merriam Webster. 2016년 4월 20일에 확인함. 
  7. ↑ Logie, Carmen; James, Lana; Tharao, Wangari; Loutfy, Mona (2012). “‘‘We don’t exist’’: a qualitative study of marginalization experienced by HIV-positive lesbian, bisexual, queer and transgender women in Toronto, Canada”. 《Journal of the International AIDS Society》 15 (2). doi:10.7448/ias.15.2.17392. January 17, 2013에 확인함. 
  8. ↑ Ou Jin Lee, Edward; Brotman, Shari (2011). “Identity, Refugeeness, Belonging: Experiences of Sexual Minority Refugees in Canada”. 《Canadian Review of Sociology》 48 (3): 241–274. doi:10.1111/j.1755-618X.2011.01265.x. PMID 22214042. 
  9. ↑ Green, Eli R. (2006). “Debating Trans Inclusion in the Feminist Movement: A Trans-Positive Analysis”. 《Journal of Lesbian Studies》 10 (1/2): 231–248 [247]. doi:10.1300/j155v10n01_12. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Serano, Julia (2007). 《Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity》. Seal Press. 12쪽. ISBN 978-1-58005-154-5. 
  11. ↑ Sullivan, Nikki; Murray, Samantha (2009). 《Somatechnics: queering the technologisation of bodies》. Surrey, England: Ashgate Publishing. 17쪽. ISBN 0-7546-7530-0. 
  12. ↑ Green, Eli R. (2006). "Debating Trans Inclusion in the Feminist Movement: A Trans-Positive Analysis," Journal of Lesbian Studies. Volume: 10 Issue: 1/2. pp. 231−248. ISSN 1089-4160
  13. ↑ Pfeffer, Carla (2009). “Trans (Formative) Relationships: What We Learn About Identities, Bodies, Work and Families from Women Partners of Trans Men”. 《Ph.D dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Michigan》. 
  14. ↑ Williams, Rhaisa (November 2010). “Contradictory Realities, Infinite Possibilities: Language Mobilization and Self-Articulation Amongst Black Trans Women”. 《Penn McNair Research Journal》 2 (1). 
  15. ↑ Drescher, Jack (September 2009). “Queer Diagnoses: Parallels and Contrasts in the History of Homosexuality, Gender Variance, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual”. 《Archives of Sexual Behavior》 39 (2): 427–460. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9531-5. PMID 19838785. 
  16. ↑ Enteen, Jillana (2009). 《Virtual English: Queer Internets and Digital Creolization (Volume 6 of Routledge studies in new media and cyberculture)》. New York City, New York: Taylor & Francis. 177쪽. ISBN 978-0-415-97724-1. 
  17. ↑ Serano (2007) also defines cisgender as synonymous with "non-transgender" and cissexual with "non-transsexual" (p. 33).
  18. ↑ Walls, N. E., & Costello, K. (2010). "Head ladies center for teacup chain": Exploring cisgender privilege in a (predominantly) gay male context. In S. Anderson and V. Middleton Explorations in diversity: Examining privilege and oppression in a multicultural society, 2nd ed. (pp. 81−93). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. Quote appears on p.83.
  19. ↑ Hernandez, Vittorio (2014년 2월 14일). “What’s Your Choice – Male, Female, Transgender, Intersex?: Other Gender Options Now Available for Facebook Users”. 《International Business Times》. 2015년 12월 18일에 확인함. 
  20. ↑ Daubney, Martin (2014년 12월 16일). “Was 2014 the year political correctness went stark raving mad?: This year has seen political correctness turn sinister, thanks to the outraged, sanctimonious reactions of social media's PC police, argues Martin Daubney”. 《The Daily Telegraph》. 
  21. ↑ Thompson, Damian (February 7, 2015). “The march of the new political correctness:I hoped that the British sense of the ridiculous, our relish in piss-taking, would keep us safe. Now I’m not so sure”. 《The Spectator》. 
  22. ↑ Macdonald, Neil (2015년 3월 17일). “'Mansplaining' the return of political correctness:The scourge of the '90s, PC seems to be gaining a new foothold on college campuses”. 《CBC.ca》. 2015년 12월 18일에 확인함. 
  23. ↑ Wordsworth, Dot (November 7, 2015). “How we ended up ‘cisgender’:The history of a tendentious word”. 《The Spectator》. 
  24. ↑ Aultman, B (2014). 《Cisgender》. Duke of University Press. 61쪽. doi:10.1215/23289252-2399614. 
  25. ↑ Tate, Charlotte Chucky; Bettergarcia, Jay N.; Brent, Lindsay M. (2015). “Re-assessing the Role of Gender-Related Cognitions for Self-Esteem: The Importance of Gender Typicality for Cisgender Adults”. 《Psychology & Psychiatry Journal》 (Springer US) 72 (5–6): 221–236. doi:10.1007/s11199-015-0458-0. 
  26. ↑ “New Mental Health Study Findings Have Been Reported by Investigators at Brown University (Gender Minority Stress, Mental Health, and Relationship Quality: A Dyadic Investigation of Transgender Women and Their Cisgender Male Partners)”. 《Mental Health Weekly Digest》 (Academic OneFile) 9: 224. 2015. 
  27. ↑ Brandon Griggs (2014년 2월 13일). “Facebook goes beyond 'male' and 'female' with new gender options”. 2014년 2월 13일에 확인함. 
  28. ↑ The Associated Press. “Facebook's New Gender Identity Options”. 
  29. ↑ Martin, Katherine. “New words notes June 2015”. 《Oxford English Dictionary》. Oxford University Press. 2015년 8월 2일에 확인함. 
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